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Archaeology of Samoa began with the first systematic survey of archaeological remains on Savai'i island by Jack Golson in 1957.〔() Settlement Patterns in Samoa before 1840 by Janet M Davidson, The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 78 1969, No. 1, p.44-82. Retrieved 1 November 2009 〕 Since then, surveys and studies in the rest of Samoa have uncovered major findings of settlements, stone and earth mounds including star mounds, Lapita pottery remains and pre-historic artifacts.〔() Samoan archaeology: a review of research history by Helene Martinsson-Wallin, Archaeology in Oceania, October 01, 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2009〕 An important part of archaeology in Samoa and Oceania involves finding the answer to the origins of Polynesians,〔() Samoan archaeology: a review of research history by Helene Martinsson-Wallin, Archaeology in Oceania, October 01, 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2009〕 ongoing research which is being undertaken in conjunction with other fields including linguistics and genetics. The oldest date so far from pre-historic remains in Samoa has been ''calculated'' by New Zealand scientists to a likely true age of circa 3,000 BP (Before Present) from a Lapita site at Mulifanua during the 1970s.〔() New Information for the Ferry Berth Site, Mulifanua, Western Samoa by Roger C. Green & Helen M. Leach, Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 98, No. 3, 1989. Retrieved 29 December 2009〕 ==History== Earlier accounts of 'earthmounds' and 'monumental architecture' were known but no scientific surveys were carried out until Golson's in-depth work in 1957. Golson also carried out field work on Upolu where he discovered the first pottery sherds in Samoa at Vailele village on the island's north coast. At the 10th Pacific Science Congress in Honolulu in 1961, archaeologists decided to make a coordinated approach in investigating the region's pre-history. During 1963-1964, this work was carried out by an international team led by Roger Curtis Green under the Polynesian Archaeology Programme of Auckland University.〔 Building on Golson's surveys, the team carried out field work on the islands of Savai'i, Upolu and Apolima. Another team leader was New Zealand archaeologist Janet Davidson who has made major contributions to the field of archaeology in Samoa and the rest of the Pacific. Green and Davidson laid the groundwork for archaeology in Samoa. Among the many findings of this project were ceramics on Upolu and Apolima. However, a key finding near the end of this trip was the discovery of Lapita pottery remains at Mulifanua with radio carbon dates of 930-800 BC. Up to 2008, all known pottery in Samoa is 'plain ware' except for those excavated at Mulifanua.〔() ''Samoan Plain Ware Ceramics of Tutuila Island, American Sāmoa:Some thoughts on their Spatial and Chronological Distribution by David J. Addison, Jeffery Toloa, Tuipuavai Tago, Siaki Vaueli, Recent Advances in the Archaeology of the Fiji/West-Polynesia Region'', p. 97, editors David J. Addison and Christophe Sand. University of Otago Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology No. 21, Dunedin 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2009〕 An important part of Davidson's work in Samoa over the years focused on settlement patterns before European contact. She became the first to make a case based on archaeological field work for the distribution of a much greater Samoan population in the 17th and 18th centuries AD. Early population estimates in the 19th century had been vastly different. There were other archaeologists who carried out important field work in Samoa, including American Jesse D. Jennings and Richard Holmer in the 1970s. Jennings led studies at Mt Olo Plantation on Upolu and inland from Sapapali'i on Savai'i. Extensive pre-historic settlement ruins were surveyed, mapped and excavated in August, September and October 1974, 1976 and 1977 under the University of Utah Samoan Archaeological Program. From 1978 to 1979, further field work was carried out with extensive surveys of a pre-historic settlement in the Palauli district. This survey at Palauli was done by Gregory Jackmond, an American Peace Corps volunteer who had previously done field work of pre-historic ruins inland from Sapapali'i village. In 2002-2004 extensive excavations were carried out at the Pulemelei mound in Savai'i under the leadership of the Swedish archaeologist Helene Martinsson-Wallin (Kon-Tiki Museum research institute/Gotland University) in collaboration with Paul Wallin (Kon-Tiki Museum/Gotland University) and Geoffrey Clark (Australian National University). These excavations and subsequent field studies by Martinsson-Wallin at the Letolo plantation, Malaefono Starmound and Fale o le Fe'e, led to a collaboration with the National University of Samoa to create an archaeology programme. Many other scholars contributed to the field of archaeology in Samoa before 1957 including Māori historian Te Rangi Hīroa (also known as Sir Peter Henry Buck) and Derek Freeman who carried out field work at Vailele and the Falemauga Caves on Upolu while he was a school teacher in Samoa during the early 1940s.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Archaeology of Samoa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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